HTML reference
Rare & unique HTML tags
Standards-valid HTML elements that most people never touch. Each one shows the input and the real rendered output — so you can see exactly what happens before you ever write it yourself.
Text semantics
Tags that shape meaning, emphasis, and pronunciation — powerful for readability and accessibility, and almost never seen in everyday markup.
<abbr>
SemanticPlaces the full title of an abbreviation on the text. The browser shows the expansion on hover and adds a dotted underline.
<p>Built with <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</abbr>.</p>
Built with CSS.
<s>
SemanticRenders a strikethrough for content that is no longer accurate or relevant. Unlike <del>, it does not imply a deletion in a document's edit history.
<p><s>$19.99</s> Now $9.99</p>
$19.99 Now $9.99
<address>
SemanticWraps contact information for the nearest <article> or <body>. Browsers render it in italic — but its job is informational, not visual.
<address>
Written by <a href="mailto:[email protected]">FastCompiler</a>.
Berlin, Germany
</address>
<article> for bylines.
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Ruby annotations
The <ruby> family adds phonetic or translation guides above base text — standard for languages like Japanese, Japanese-era kanji, and Chinese pinyin.
<ruby> · <rt>
International<ruby> groups base text with its annotation; <rt> holds the annotation that renders in tiny text above (or beside) the base.
<ruby>
æ¼¢ <rt>kan</rt>
å— <rt>ji</rt>
</ruby>
æ¼¢ å—
<rp>
FallbackProvides parentheses only in browsers that do not support ruby — so the annotation appears readable as plain inline text.
<ruby>
æ¼¢å— <rp>(</rp><rt>kanji</rt><rp>)</rp>
</ruby>
æ¼¢å—
Data & forms
Structure that machines can read reliably — a machine-readable value riding on top of human-readable text.
<data>
Machine-readableLinks a piece of written content to a value that scripts and parsers can use — without changing how the text looks.
<p>Battery lasts <data value="6">six hours</data>.</p>
Battery lasts six hours.
value and never touch the label.
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<output>
FormA container that scripts fill with results — classically the live answer of a <form> calculation.
<form oninput="r.value = a.valueAsNumber + b.valueAsNumber">
<input type="range" id="a" value="10">
<input type="range" id="b" value="20">
<output id="r">30</output>
</form>
oninput for the preview; the compiler lets you attach listeners properly.)
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<meter>
ReactiveA horizontal gauge with min, max, low, high, and optimum. Color shifts by how the current value relates to those bands.
<meter min="0" max="100" low="25"
high="75" optimum="90"
value="82">82%</meter>
Embedded content
Elements that bring other documents and figures into a page, with meaning the plain <img> and <iframe> never convey.
<figure> · <figcaption>
EmbeddedAssociates a caption container with any kind of figure — an image, code block, table, or quotation — so the label stays bound to the content.
<figure>
<img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='200' height='90'><polygon points='100,10 40,80 160,80' fill='%234f46e5' style='stroke:%23f99c0;stroke-width:2'/></svg>" alt="A triangle">
<figcaption>An inline SVG triangle</figcaption>
</figure>
Hidden & misc
Small, safe power moves — hidden menu commands, old semantics, and a clean newline that no inline element else provides.
<menu>
InteractionA semantic list meant for interactive commands and toolbars. Combined with <li>, it's the structural home for context menus and grouped actions.
<menu>
<li><button>Cut</button></li>
<li><button>Copy</button></li>
</menu>
<ul> for a row of tools.
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<wbr>
UtilityA word-break opportunity — the browser may wrap the line at this point when space runs out, but won't force a break. A hidden escape hatch for long tokens.
<p>This is a really long url:<wbr>
https://example.com/very<wbr>
/long/path/that/wraps</p>
This is a really long url:https: